{"id":1519,"date":"2019-11-15T08:18:38","date_gmt":"2019-11-15T08:18:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/?p=1519"},"modified":"2019-11-15T07:20:38","modified_gmt":"2019-11-15T07:20:38","slug":"selenium-longevity-ageing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-longevity-ageing","title":{"rendered":"Selenium and Longevity and Ageing"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1522\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1522\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1522 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Senior-citizens-300x221.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"221\" srcset=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Senior-citizens-300x221.png 300w, https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/Senior-citizens.png 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1522\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>There are notable regional variations in the blood selenium concentrations in senior citizens. The differences range from 66 micrograms per liter in Brazil and Turkey to 126 micrograms per liter in Japan.\u00a0 Below 85 micrograms per liter is poor selenium status.\u00a0 The desirable range is thought to be 125-135 micrograms per liter.<br \/><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>We want, all of us, to stay as young and healthy as possible as late in life as possible.\u00a0 Ageing is inevitable.\u00a0 How can we delay the onset of ageing\u2019s bio-chemical and physiological consequences?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Physical exercise?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Caloric restriction?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Ingestion of micronutrients?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Selenium Status and the Health of Senior Citizens<\/h4>\n<p>The authors of a 2019 review article have found that, overall, there is <strong><em>an inverse correlation between age and blood selenium levels.<\/em><\/strong> Higher age is associated with lower blood selenium concentrations [Robberecht 2019].<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/31267854\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>Inadequate dietary intakes of selenium and poor selenium status<\/em><\/strong><\/a> (&lt; 85 micrograms per liter in blood) may increase the risk of following harmful health outcomes [Robberecht]:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>oxidative stress (= imbalance of harmful free radicals and protective antioxidants)<\/li>\n<li>destruction of nerve cells (neurons)<\/li>\n<li>dementia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Selenium Status and Biological and Social Factors<\/h4>\n<p>A variety of factors must be taken into consideration when we investigate the relationship between ageing and selenium intake and status.\u00a0 There are, first of all, considerable regional variations in the availability of selenium in the soil and in foodstuffs [Stoffaneller &amp; Morse].<\/p>\n<p>Then, secondly, the following biological and social factors influence selenium intake and make the factor of age difficult to isolate as a possible cause of lower blood selenium status:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>education level<\/li>\n<li>ethnicity<\/li>\n<li>fish consumption<\/li>\n<li>gender<\/li>\n<li>health status<\/li>\n<li>lifestyle<\/li>\n<li>occupational status<\/li>\n<li>smoking<\/li>\n<li>social class<\/li>\n<li>supplementation with selenium<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These and other factors need to be controlled for when assessing the relationship between selenium status and age.<\/p>\n<p>Interestingly, selenium status is positively associated with alcohol consumption.\u00a0 Researchers speculate that alcohol either increases selenium bio-availability, or it influences the bio-transformation of selenium in the liver [Robberecht].<\/p>\n<h4>Selenium Status and Cancer<\/h4>\n<p>A 2016 review of 69 observational studies has shown <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4726178\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em><strong>an inverse relationship between selenium exposure and the risk of various cancers<\/strong><\/em><\/a> [Cai 2016]:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>breast cancer<\/li>\n<li>esophageal cancer<\/li>\n<li>gastric cancer<\/li>\n<li>lung cancer<\/li>\n<li>prostate cancer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The same inverse relationship did not apply to the following forms of cancer [Cai 2016]:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>bladder cancer<\/li>\n<li>colorectal cancer<\/li>\n<li>skin cancer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Current thinking tends towards <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/31388899\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em><strong>the U-Shaped Curve relationship between selenium status and the risk of disease<\/strong> <\/em><\/a>[Rayman 2019; Rayman 2012, fig. 3].<\/p>\n<p>In this conception, too low selenium status and too high selenium status are both associated with increased risk of disease. Keeping one\u2019s selenium status in the bottom of the U is thought to be better than having a selenium status too low or too high.\u00a0 The bottom of the U for serum\/plasma selenium status seems to be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22381456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em><strong>in the range from 125 to 135 micrograms per Liter<\/strong><\/em><\/a> [Rayman 2019; Rayman 2012, fig. 3].<\/p>\n<p>The lower level of serum\/plasma selenium status &#8212; the level at which the risk of overall mortality and cancer mortality seems to increase &#8212; is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/16123147\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em><strong>a selenium status of less than 87 micrograms per Liter.<\/strong><\/em><\/a>\u00a0 This is the level seen in the Epidemiology of Vascular Ageing (EVA) study of 1389 community dwelling French senior citizens [Akbaraly 2010].<\/p>\n<p>The upper level of serum\/plasma selenium status at which the increased risk of disease may become significant is <strong><em>a selenium status greater than 150 micrograms per Liter<\/em><\/strong> [Rayman 2012, fig. 3].<\/p>\n<p><em>Note: <\/em>Commercial laboratories can carry out the assay of blood selenium status.<\/p>\n<h4>Selenium Status and Cardiovascular Diseases<\/h4>\n<p>Results from the Epidemiology of Vascular Ageing (EVA) study in France showed that obesity and adverse cardiovascular events were major outcomes associated with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1913201\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>an age-related decline in plasma selenium concentrations<\/em> <\/strong><\/a>[Arnaud 2007].<\/p>\n<p>In the KiSel-10 Study, healthy community dwelling Swedish senior citizens (aged 70 \u2013 88 years at baseline) were administered either a selenized yeast preparation (200 micrograms\/day) together with a Coenzyme Q10 preparation (2 times 100 milligrams\/day) or matching placebos for four years.\u00a0 The senior citizens on the selenium and CoQ10 regimen showed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthandscience.eu\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=848:supplementation-with-q10-and-selenium-halves-your-cardiovascular-risk-for-numerous-years&amp;catid=20&amp;lang=en&amp;Itemid=198\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>significantly reduced<\/em><\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<strong><em> cardiovascular mortality<\/em><\/strong>, <strong><em>improved heart function, and better health-related quality of life<\/em><\/strong> compared to placebo [Alehagen 2013].<\/p>\n<p>The protective action of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.q10facts.com\/index.php\/the-kisel-10-study\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>combined high-selenium yeast and Coenzyme Q10 supplementation<\/em> <\/strong><\/a>extended beyond the intervention period and persisted during a follow-up of 12 years [Alehagen 2018].\u00a0 The researchers suggested the following biological mechanisms as possible explanations for the heart health benefits of the supplementation:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>reduced oxidative stress<\/li>\n<li>reduced inflammation<\/li>\n<li>reduced fibrosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Selenium Status and Neurological Disorders<\/h4>\n<p>The scientific evidence seems to show that decreased expression of several selenoproteins is associated with the development of age-related diseases including Parkinson&#8217;s disease and Alzheimer&#8217;s disease [Robberecht 2019].<\/p>\n<p>Most studies show that patients diagnosed with <strong><em>Alzheimer&#8217;s disease or related dementias<\/em> <\/strong>generally have low selenium status or selenium status no higher than the selenium status of healthy controls. Randomized controlled trials of selenium supplementation are needed to test the preventive and\/or therapeutic effects of selenium [Robberecht 2019; Aaseth 2016].<\/p>\n<p>The antioxidant role of selenium in delaying the onset of <strong><em>Parkinson&#8217;s disease<\/em><\/strong> is not clearly established.\u00a0 The results from completed studies are contradictory. Again, randomized controlled trials of selenium supplementation are needed [Robberecht 2019].<\/p>\n<p>Supplementation with compounds containing selenium have shown potential for stimulating <strong><em>cognitive improvement<\/em><\/strong> [Aaseth 2016].<\/p>\n<h4>Summary: Selenium and Longevity and Ageing<\/h4>\n<p>Researchers have concluded that selenium status plays a role in health maintenance during the ageing process; however, the exact mechanisms are not known with certainty [Robberecht 2019].\u00a0 To the extent that lower selenium intake and lower selenium bio-availability affect <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5894963\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>the overall health of senior citizens<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, there may be an explanation in the following biological effects of selenium [Alehagen 2018]:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>improved heart function<\/li>\n<li>reduced low-grade systemic inflammation<\/li>\n<li>reduced oxidative stress<\/li>\n<li>reduced fibrosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Sources<\/h4>\n<p>Aaseth, J., Alexander, J, Bj\u00f8rklund, G, Hestad, K, Dusek, P, Roos, P &amp; Alehagen, U. (2016).<br \/>\nTreatment strategies in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a review with focus on selenium supplementation.<br \/>\nBiometals; 29(5): 827\u2013839.<\/p>\n<p>Akbaraly TN, Arnaud J &amp; Rayman MP. (2010). Plasma selenium and risk of dysglycemia in an elderly French population: results from the prospective Epidemiology of Vascular Ageing Study. Nutr Metab; 7: 21.<\/p>\n<p>Alehagen, U., Johansson, P., Bj\u00f6rnstedt, M., Ros\u00e9n, A., &amp; Dahlstr\u00f6m, U. (2013). Cardiovascular mortality and N-terminal-proBNP reduced after combined selenium and Coenzyme Q10 supplementation: a 5-year prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial among elderly Swedish citizens. International Journal of Cardiology, 167(5), 1860-1866.<\/p>\n<p>Alehagen, U., Aaseth, J., Alexander, J., &amp; Johansson, P. (2018). Still reduced cardiovascular mortality 12 years after supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 for four years: A validation of previous 10-year follow-up results of a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in elderly. Plos One, 13(4), e0193120.<\/p>\n<p>Arnaud J, Akbaraly TN, Hininger I, Roussel AM &amp; Berr C. (2007). Factors associated with longitudinal plasma selenium decline in the elderly: the EVA study. J Nutr Biochem 2007; 18(7): 482-7.<\/p>\n<p>Cai X, Wang C, Yu W, Fan W, Wang S, Shen N, &amp; Wang F. (2016). Selenium exposure and cancer risk: an updated meta-analysis and meta-regression. Scientific Reports, 619213.<\/p>\n<p>Rayman, MP. (2019). Selenium intake, status, and health: a complex relationship.\u00a0 Hormones, doi: 10.1007\/s42000-019-00125-5. [Epub ahead of print].<\/p>\n<p>Rayman MP.\u00a0 (2012). Selenium and human health.\u00a0 Lancet, 379: 1256-68.<\/p>\n<p>Robberecht H, De Bruyne T, Davious-Charvet E, Mackrill J &amp; Hermans N. (2019).\u00a0 Selenium status in elderly people: Longevity and age-related diseases.\u00a0 Current Pharmaceutical Design, 25; 1694-1706.<\/p>\n<p>The information contained in this review article is not intended as medical advice and should not be used as such.<\/p>\n<p>16 November 2019<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We want, all of us, to stay as young and healthy as possible as late in life as possible.\u00a0 Ageing is inevitable.\u00a0 How can we delay the onset of ageing\u2019s bio-chemical and physiological consequences? Physical exercise? Caloric restriction? Ingestion of micronutrients? Selenium Status and the Health of Senior Citizens The authors of a 2019 review &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-longevity-ageing\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Selenium and Longevity and Ageing&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1519","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-deficiency"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Selenium and Longevity and Ageing - Seleniumfacts.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-longevity-ageing\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Selenium and Longevity and Ageing - Seleniumfacts.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"We want, all of us, to stay as young and healthy as possible as late in life as possible.\u00a0 Ageing is inevitable.\u00a0 How can we delay the onset of ageing\u2019s bio-chemical and physiological consequences? 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