{"id":1868,"date":"2020-07-31T11:18:28","date_gmt":"2020-07-31T11:18:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/?p=1868"},"modified":"2020-08-07T09:32:24","modified_gmt":"2020-08-07T09:32:24","slug":"effect-of-selenium-supplementation-on-heart-health","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/effect-of-selenium-supplementation-on-heart-health","title":{"rendered":"Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Heart Health"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_1871\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1871\" style=\"width: 253px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1871 size-medium\" title=\"Selenium deficiency is associated with worsening heart failure.\" src=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Heart-chambers-253x300.png\" alt=\"Chambers of the heart\" width=\"253\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Heart-chambers-253x300.png 253w, https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Heart-chambers.png 540w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 253px) 100vw, 253px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1871\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>The American Heart Association defines heart failure as a condition in which the heart muscle cannot pump enough blood out to the body to keep the tissues and organs sufficiently supplied with oxygen. Heart failure is a condition for which there is no known cure. Selenium deficiency is associated with worsening heart failure.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Selenium is an essential antioxidant trace element that is necessary for key activities in human metabolism [Djalalinia 2019]. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of selenium supplementation reveal that selenium supplementation is a cost-effective and simple-to-use intervention that can play an important role in the prevention of heart disease risk factors [Hasani 2018; Hasani 2019; Mahdavi 2019; Tabrizi 2017].<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>These results from meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials reaffirm the outcomes in the Bomer multinational observational cohort study. In that study, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31808274\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>heart failure patients with serum selenium concentrations below 70 micrograms per liter were more likely to have the following characteristics<\/em> <\/strong><\/a>[Bomer 2019]:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>older<\/li>\n<li>more often women<\/li>\n<li>worse New York Heart Association functional class<\/li>\n<li>more severe signs and symptoms of heart failure<\/li>\n<li>poorer exercise capacity (6-minute walking test)<\/li>\n<li>poorer quality of life<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Many of the <strong><em>same characteristics were typical of heart failure patients with serum selenium concentrations below 100 micrograms per liter.<\/em><\/strong> The researchers concluded that selenium deficiency in heart failure patients is associated with impaired exercise capacity, with a 50% higher mortality rate, and with impaired mitochondrial function in heart muscle cells [Bomer 2019].<\/p>\n<h4>Selenium Supplementation and the Effect on Oxidative Stress Bio-Markers<\/h4>\n<p>Researchers investigated 13 studies (12 randomized controlled trials and one crossover study) enrolling 2790 study participants. They assessed the effect of selenium supplementation on antioxidant bio-markers. The meta-analysis showed that <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31820398\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>selenium supplementation significantly increased the levels of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase and increased total antioxidant capacity<\/em><\/strong><\/a> while significantly decreasing the levels of malondialdehyde, a known bio-marker for oxidative stress [Hasani 2019].<\/p>\n<h4>Selenium Supplementation and the Effect on Cholesterol and Triglycerides<\/h4>\n<p>Researchers reviewed 11 studies enrolling 1221 participants. They found that the intake of selenium supplements resulted in a statistically <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30312982\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>significant improvement in total cholesterol levels, in triglyceride levels, and in very low-density lipoprotein levels.<\/em> <\/strong><\/a>The selenium supplementation did not significantly improve low-density lipoprotein levels, high-density lipoprotein levels, or high-density lipoprotein to total cholesterol ratios [Hasani 2018].<\/p>\n<h4>Selenium Supplementation and the Effect on Glycemic Indexes<\/h4>\n<p>Researchers carried out a meta-analysis of 12 double-blinded, placebo-controlled studies published between 2004 and 2016 (selenium intervention group: n = 757; placebo control group: n = 684) [Mahdavi 2019].<\/p>\n<p>The selenium supplementation significantly decreased HOMA-<em>B<\/em> (<em>beta<\/em>-cell function). The selenium supplementation <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31890660\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>significantly increased insulin sensitivity<\/em> <\/strong><\/a>as measure on the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) [Mahdavi Gorabi 2019]. With the selenium supplementation, there was, seemingly, less secretory demand on the beta-calls, perhaps because of improved insulin sensitivity.<\/p>\n<p>Selenium supplementation was not significantly associated with any changes in the following measurements, suggesting that the selenium supplementation did not increase or decrease the risk of developing type-2 diabetes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>fasting plasma glucose levels<\/li>\n<li>insulin levels<\/li>\n<li>HOMA-IR insulin resistance scores<\/li>\n<li>HbA1c levels (average level of blood sugar over past 2-3 months)<\/li>\n<li>adiponectin levels (protein hormone needed for blood glucose regulation)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A 2017 meta-analysis showed that <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28992632\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>selenium supplementation of patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome was associated with a significant increase in the QUICKI insulin sensitivity score<\/em><\/strong><\/a> but was not associated with any changes in fasting plasma glucose and insulin resistance [Tabrizi 2017].<\/p>\n<p>A 2016 randomized controlled trial showed that <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26743526\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em><strong>200 mcg\/day of selenium supplementation of patients with Type-2 diabetes and coronary heart disease resulted in significant decreases in insulin levels, insulin resistance scores, beta-cell function scores, and serum hs-CRP levels<\/strong><\/em><\/a> and in significant increases in QUICKI scores and in total antioxidant capacity [Farrokhian 2016].<\/p>\n<h4>Selenium in Combination with Coenzyme Q10 and the Effect on Heart Function<\/h4>\n<p>In the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.q10facts.com\/index.php\/the-kisel-10-study\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>Kisel-10 Study<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, Professor Urban Alehagen tested the effect of combined selenium supplementation (200 mcg\/day) and Coenzyme Q10 supplementation (2 x 100 mg\/day) on non-institutionalized senior citizens for four years. The data from the study showed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthandscience.eu\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=864:supplementation-with-q10-and-selenium-halves-your-cardiovascular-risk-for-numerous-years-us&amp;catid=20&amp;lang=us&amp;Itemid=374\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>50% reduced risk of death from heart disease, improved heart function, and better quality of life<\/em> <\/strong><\/a>in the active treatment group.\u00a0 Professor Alehagen suggested that the reduced oxidative stress, lower inflammation levels, reduced fibrosis, and increased insulin-like growth factor-1 levels as possible mechanisms explaining the protective effects of selenium and Coenzyme Q10 on the heart muscle [Alehagen 2013; 2018].<\/p>\n<h4>The Take-Home Message: Selenium and Heart Health<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Selenium is an essential micronutrient in human metabolism.<\/li>\n<li>Selenium&#8217;s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects play an important role in the prevention of heart disease.<\/li>\n<li>Selenoprotein enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase protect against oxidative damage and help to regulate immune system processes.<\/li>\n<li>There seems to be a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.q10facts.com\/index.php\/q10-and-selenium-combined\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>synergistic interrelationship between selenium and Coenzyme Q10 that protects the heart muscle<\/em><\/strong><\/a> [Alehagen 2015].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Sources<\/h4>\n<p>Alehagen, U., Johansson, P., Bj\u00f6rnstedt, M., Ros\u00e9n, A., Post, C., &amp; Aaseth, J. (2016). Relatively high mortality risk in elderly Swedish subjects with low selenium status. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70(1), 91-96.<\/p>\n<p>Alehagen, U., &amp; Aaseth, J. (2015). Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 interrelationship in cardiovascular diseases\u2013A clinician\u2019s point of view. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 31: 157-162.<\/p>\n<p>Alehagen, U., Aaseth, J., Alexander, J., &amp; Johansson, P. (2018). Still reduced cardiovascular mortality 12 years after supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 for four years: A validation of previous 10-year follow-up results of a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial in elderly. Plos One, 13(4), e0193120.<\/p>\n<p>Bomer N, Grote Beverborg N, Hoes MF, et al. Selenium and Outcome in Heart Failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019, 10.1002\/ejhf.1644.<\/p>\n<p>Djalalinia S, Khosravi M, Hasani M, et al. Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Inflammatory, and Antioxidant Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol. Int J Prev Med. 2019;10:213.<\/p>\n<p>Farrokhian A, Bahmani F, Taghizadeh M, et al. Selenium Supplementation Affects Insulin Resistance and Serum hs-CRP in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease. Horm Metab Res. 2016, 48(4): 263-268.<\/p>\n<p>Hasani M, Djalalinia S, Sharifi F, Varmaghani M. Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Horm Metab Res. 2018, 50(10): 715-727.<\/p>\n<p>Hasani M, Djalalinia S, Khazdooz M, Asayesh H. Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Antioxidant Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Hormones (Athens). 2019, 18: 451-462.<\/p>\n<p>Mahdavi Gorabi A, Hasani M, Djalalinia S, Zarei M. Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Glycemic Indices: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2019, 18: 349-362.<\/p>\n<p>Tabrizi R, Akbari M, Moosazadeh M, et al. The Effects of Selenium Supplementation on Glucose Metabolism and Lipid Profiles Among Patients with Metabolic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Horm Metab Res. 2017, 49(11): 826-830.<\/p>\n<p>The information presented in this review article is not intended as medical advice and should not be used as such.<\/p>\n<p>31 July 2020<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Selenium is an essential antioxidant trace element that is necessary for key activities in human metabolism [Djalalinia 2019]. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials of selenium supplementation reveal that selenium supplementation is a cost-effective and simple-to-use intervention that can play an important role in the prevention of heart disease risk factors [Hasani 2018; Hasani 2019; Mahdavi &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/effect-of-selenium-supplementation-on-heart-health\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Heart Health&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cardiovascular-disease"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Selenium supplementation helps to prevent heart disease.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Selenium deficiency is associated with worsening heart failure. 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