{"id":2011,"date":"2020-11-15T10:44:07","date_gmt":"2020-11-15T10:44:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/?p=2011"},"modified":"2021-01-14T14:08:04","modified_gmt":"2021-01-14T14:08:04","slug":"selenium-supplementation-and-hiv-infections-a-review","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-supplementation-and-hiv-infections-a-review","title":{"rendered":"Selenium Supplementation and HIV Infections: A Review"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_2016\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2016\" style=\"width: 248px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2016 size-medium\" title=\"Selenium protects against infections.\" src=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Symptoms-of-AIDS-248x300.png\" alt=\"Symptoms of AIDS\" width=\"248\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Symptoms-of-AIDS-248x300.png 248w, https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Symptoms-of-AIDS.png 529w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 248px) 100vw, 248px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2016\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>The six selenium and HIV infection studies show a beneficial effect of daily supplementation with 200 micrograms of selenium on immune function, in particular on CD4 white blood cell counts. The same beneficial effect on the immune system may be protective against other forms of infection, including against Covid-19 infections.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Six randomized controlled studies show that providing<em> <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33105473\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">daily selenium supplementation to HIV-infected adults increases CD4 cell counts<\/a><\/em>, reduces the risk of diarrhea morbidity, and lowers hospital admission rates for HIV-related conditions and opportunistic infection in HIV-infected adults [Kayode 2020].<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Alexander et al [2020] have recognized the importance of selenium to immune system function and have recommended the initiation of adequate selenium supplementation <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7468884\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>in high-risk Covid-19 areas<\/em><\/strong><\/a> and as soon as possible after a <strong><em>suspected Covid-19 infection<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Richie et al [2014] have shown that selenium supplementation in the form of <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24938534\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>selenium-enriched yeast<\/em><\/strong><\/a> provides significantly greater protection against oxidative stress than supplementation with exclusively selenomethionine does.<\/p>\n<h4>Why Selenium is Important to Increase CD4 Cell Counts<\/h4>\n<p>CD4 cells are white blood cells that fight infection. The CD4 cell count gives an indication of the strength of immune function in HIV patients. CD4 cell count is a key determinant of the need for prophylactic treatment against opportunistic infections.<\/p>\n<h4>The Six Selenium and HIV Studies<\/h4>\n<h4>186 HIV-infected Drug Users<\/h4>\n<p>Burbano et al [2002] studied the effect of daily selenium supplementation (200 micrograms\/day) of HIV-infected American illegal drug users for 12 months compared with placebo.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The study data showed that significantly more patients in the placebo group had CD4 cell counts fall below the 50 cell\/mm3 level than the selenium-treated group did.<\/li>\n<li>The results showed a<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12501132\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em> significant decrease in hospital admission rate and in the number hospitalized for HIV-related conditions<\/em><\/strong><\/a> and opportunistic infection in the selenium supplemented group compared to the placebo control group.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>226 HIV-infected American adults<\/h4>\n<p>Hurwitz et al [2007] found that 200 micrograms per day of selenium supplementation of HIV-infected American adults for 9 months had the following outcomes relative to the placebo treatment:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>There was <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17242315\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>a significant increase in serum selenium level and in CD4 cell count<\/em><\/strong><\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>There was a significant decrease in HIV-1 viral load.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>300 HIV-infected Rwandan Adults<\/h4>\n<p>Kamwesiga et al [2015] presented data that shows that selenium supplementation with 200 micrograms per day for 24 months is associated with <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25870994\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>a significant difference in CD4 cell counts<\/em><\/strong><\/a> compared to matching placebo treatment.<\/p>\n<h4>913 HIV-infected Pregnant Women in Tanzania<\/h4>\n<p>Kupka et al [2009] evaluated the effect of supplementation with 200 micrograms per day post-delivery for 6 months. There was\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19368503\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>a statistically significant 40% reduction in the risk of diarrhea morbidity<\/em><\/strong><\/a> in the selenium-treated group.<\/p>\n<h4>63 HIV-infected American Adults<\/h4>\n<p>Shor-Posner et al [2003] reported on the effect of 200 micrograms of selenium supplementation daily for 12 months.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>They found <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12906343\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>a significant increase in vigor and a significant decrease in anxiety<\/em> <\/strong><\/a>in the selenium group compared to the placebo group.<\/li>\n<li>They also found a significant increase in serum selenium levels in the selenium group but did not find a significant difference in CD4 cell count and viral load.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>878 HIV-positive Adults in Botswana<\/h4>\n<p>Baum et al [2013] found that selenium supplementation (200 micrograms\/day) together with a combination of multivitamins (B vitamins and vitamins C and E) for 24 months (the median duration of study follow-up) was associated with the following outcomes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The participants receiving the selenium supplement combined with multivitamins selenium had <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/24281460\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>a significantly lower risk of reaching a CD4 cell count of 250\/microliter or less compared to the placebo group<\/em><\/strong><\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>The selenium supplementation together with multivitamins reduced the risk of combined outcomes for disease progression &#8212; CD4 cell count dropping below 250\/microliter, AIDS-defining conditions, or AIDS-related death, whichever occurred first &#8212; compared with the placebo supplementation.<\/li>\n<li>There was no effect of selenium plus multivitamins supplementation on HIV viral load compared with placebo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Bottom Line: Selenium Supplementation and HIV Infections<\/h4>\n<p>Daily supplementation of HIV-infected adults with 200 micrograms of selenium is associated with the following beneficial outcomes [Kayode 2020]:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>an increase in serum selenium level<\/li>\n<li>an increase in CD4 cell count<\/li>\n<li>a reduction in HIV-1 viral load<\/li>\n<li>a r reduction in hospital admission<\/li>\n<li>a decrease in diarrhea morbidity in pregnant women<\/li>\n<li>an elevated vigor and decrease in anxiety<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Sources<\/h4>\n<p>Alexander J, Tinkov A, Strand TA, Alehagen U, Skalny A, Aaseth J. Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020 Aug 7;12(8):2358.<\/p>\n<p>Baum MK, Campa A, Lai S, et al. Effect of micronutrient supplementation on disease progression in asymptomatic, antiretroviral-naive, HIV-infected adults in Botswana: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;310(20):2154-2163.<\/p>\n<p>Burbano X, Miguez-Burbano M, McCollister K, Zhang G, Rodriguez A, Ruiz P, et al. Impact of a selenium chemoprevention clinical trial on hospital admissions of HIV-infected participants. HIV Clin Trials. 2002;3:483-91.<\/p>\n<p>Hurwitz E, Klaus R, Llabre M, Gonzalez A, Lawrence PJ, Maher KJ, et al. Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 viral load with selenium supplementation: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:148-54.<\/p>\n<p>Kamwesiga J, Mutabazi V, Kayumba J, Tayari J, Uwimbabazi JC, Batanage G, et al. Effect of selenium supplementation on CD4+ T\u2010cell recovery, viral suppression and morbidity of HIV\u2010infected patients in Rwanda: a randomized controlled trial. AIDS. 2015;29:1045\u201052.<\/p>\n<p>Kayode I, Anaba U. Effect of Vitamin D, selenium, or zinc supplementation in HIV: A systematic review. AIDS Rev. 2020 Oct 26;23(3).<\/p>\n<p>Kupka R, Mugusi F, Aboud S, Hertzmark E, Spiegelman D, Fawzi WW, et al. Effect of selenium supplements on haemoglobin concentration and morbidity among HIV infected Tanzanian women. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:1475-78.<\/p>\n<p>Richie JP Jr, Das A, Calcagnotto AM, Sinha R, Neidig W, Liao J, Lengerich EJ, Berg A, Hartman TJ, Ciccarella A, Baker A, Kaag MG, Goodin S, DiPaola RS, El-Bayoumy K. Comparative effects of two different forms of selenium on oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy men: a randomized clinical trial. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2014 Aug;7(8):796-804.<\/p>\n<p>Shor-Posner G, Robert L, Miguez M, Moreno-Black G. Psychological burden in the era of HAART: impact of selenium therapy. Int J Psychiatry Med. 2003;33:56-69.<\/p>\n<p>The information presented in this review article is not intended as medical advice and should not be construed as such.<\/p>\n<p>15 November 2020<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Six randomized controlled studies show that providing daily selenium supplementation to HIV-infected adults increases CD4 cell counts, reduces the risk of diarrhea morbidity, and lowers hospital admission rates for HIV-related conditions and opportunistic infection in HIV-infected adults [Kayode 2020]. Alexander et al [2020] have recognized the importance of selenium to immune system function and have &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-supplementation-and-hiv-infections-a-review\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Selenium Supplementation and HIV Infections: A Review&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2011","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hivaids"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Selenium Supplementation and HIV Infections: A Review - Seleniumfacts.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-supplementation-and-hiv-infections-a-review\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Selenium Supplementation and HIV Infections: A Review - Seleniumfacts.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Six randomized controlled studies show that providing daily selenium supplementation to HIV-infected adults increases CD4 cell counts, reduces the risk of diarrhea morbidity, and lowers hospital admission rates for HIV-related conditions and opportunistic infection in HIV-infected adults [Kayode 2020]. 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