{"id":2083,"date":"2021-02-15T10:23:30","date_gmt":"2021-02-15T10:23:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/?p=2083"},"modified":"2021-02-02T10:53:56","modified_gmt":"2021-02-02T10:53:56","slug":"selenium-as-a-nutritional-and-preventive-medicine-substance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-as-a-nutritional-and-preventive-medicine-substance","title":{"rendered":"Selenium as a Nutritional and Preventive Medicine Substance"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_2088\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2088\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2088 size-medium\" title=\"Berlin Professor Finds Selenium Safe\" src=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Berlin-Brandenburger-Tor-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Berlin Brandenburger Tor\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Berlin-Brandenburger-Tor-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Berlin-Brandenburger-Tor.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2088\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Professor Dr. Lutz Schomburg, affiliated with the Charit\u00e9 Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and with both the Humboldt University and the Free University in Berlin, has analyzed the research literature on selenium supplementation. He concludes that current data show that selenium supplementation does not cause diabetes.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>The long-time selenium researcher <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Lutz_Schomburg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em>Professor Dr. Lutz Schomburg<\/em><\/a> has reviewed the nutritional and preventive medicine aspects of selenium supplementation. In his mind, a selenium deficiency in and of itself constitutes a health risk that should be corrected by dietary measures or by supplemental selenium intake [Schomburg 2020].<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>He interprets the available evidence for positive health effects of selenium supplement as the outcome of correcting a deficiency or insufficiency of selenium. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>His review of the research literature indicates that selenium supplement does not cause diabetes. Instead, the current evidence suggests that the development of type 2 diabetes with low insulin levels and high glucose levels may be causing increases in selenium levels; hence, the perceived association between the incidence of diabetes and the higher selenium status [Schomburg 2020].<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4>Health Risks Associated with Selenium Deficiency<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31823341\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>Professor Schomburg\u2019s reading of the available literature<\/em><\/strong><\/a> can be summarized as follows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Profound selenium deficiency impairs an adequate immune response.<\/li>\n<li>Habitual low selenium intake increases thyroid disease risk, especially hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, and particularly in males; furthermore, certain patients with Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis, Graves\u2019 disease, or Graves\u2019 orbitopathy respond positively to selenium supplementation.<\/li>\n<li>The lowest percentiles of selenium status are associated with an increase in cancer risks (colorectal and hepatocellular) in European subjects.<\/li>\n<li>Selenium deficiency is associated with increased risk of death in intensive care unit patients, in severe sepsis patients, and in polytrauma patients.<\/li>\n<li>Selenium deficiency is associated with increased risk of pregnancy complications.<\/li>\n<li>Selenium deficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality risk, particularly in inflammatory conditions.<\/li>\n<li>Selenium deficiency is associated with a higher risk of postoperative mortality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Selenium Status and Diabetes<\/h4>\n<h6>Low Selenium Status and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome<\/h6>\n<p>Professor Schomburg\u2019s reading of the results from the Complex Diseases in the Newfoundland Population: Environment and Genetics study in Canada (n &gt; 3000 subjects) is that <strong><em>low selenium intake<\/em><\/strong> may be associated in a<br \/>\ndose-dependent manner with increased waist circumference, high BMI, and high body fat percentage, which, in turn, could mean that selenium deficiency might be a risk factor for metabolic syndrome [Schomburg 2020].<\/p>\n<p><em>Metabolic syndrome<\/em> = a combination of insulin resistance, elevated cholesterol and\/or triglyceride levels, elevated fasting blood levels of glucose, and elevated blood pressure that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease<\/p>\n<h6>High Selenium Status and Diabetes<\/h6>\n<p>Professor Schomburg concludes that, collectively, the results of the <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12101110\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>Nutritional Prevention of Cancer (NPC) Trial<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19066370\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><em><strong>Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT)<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, and the University of Arizona <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27530657\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>Selenium Trial<\/em><\/strong><\/a> indicate that selenium supplementation does not exert a relevant diabetes risk, not even among well-supplied subjects, irrespective of age and gender.<\/p>\n<h6>Interrelationship Between Selenoprotein P and Diabetes<\/h6>\n<p>Professor Schomburg\u2019s analysis of the available literature indicates that high selenium status does not increase diabetes risk but, rather, diabetes causes increasing selenoprotein P levels.<\/p>\n<p>He says that the interaction between selenoprotein P and diabetes is more likely to be an induction of selenoprotein P via insulin resistance and not the other way around.<\/p>\n<p>Thus,<strong><em> in the later stages of type 2 diabetes when insulin levels decrease due to the progressive decline in beta-cell function, the high glucose concentrations continue to promote selenoprotein P biosynthesis and secretion if not counteracted by medications such as Metformin.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Selenoprotein P<\/em> = the selenoprotein containing multiple selenocysteine residues that is responsible for the transport of selenium, also to tissues such as the brain and testis.<\/p>\n<h4>Selenium Supplementation and Prostate Cancer<\/h4>\n<p>For Professor Schomburg, it is important to assess the effect of selenium supplementation in terms of the baseline selenium status of the study participants. His basic hypothesis is that the positive health effects<br \/>\nof selenium supplementation are restricted to patients who are poorly<br \/>\nsupplied with selenium and who can be considered selenium-deficient and, therefore, in need of increased or supplemental selenium intake.<\/p>\n<p>In looking at the outcomes of the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer (NPC) trial and the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT), he is not surprised that significant reductions in the risk of prostate cancer were seen in the study participants whose baseline serum selenium status was below 123 micrograms per liter, i.e. below the threshold level for full expression of selenoprotein P.<\/p>\n<h4>Conclusion: Selenium Supplementation in regions with low dietary intakes of selenium<\/h4>\n<p>Professor Schomburg finds that the absence of adverse effects in selenium supplementation studies in regions with low dietary selenium intakes is compatible with the hypothesis that restoration of selenium status by supplemental selenium is safe.<\/p>\n<p>He notes that supplementation studies with selenium dosages of 50\u2013200 micrograms per day show no observation of toxicity.<\/p>\n<p>Two points bear mentioning here:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Dr. Margaret P. Rayman, Professor of Nutritional Medicine, University of Surrey, has pointed out that there seems to be a <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22381456\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em>U-shaped relationship between selenium status and health.<\/em><\/strong><\/a> Her graph of the curve suggests that people with a selenium status below 100 mcg\/L and above 170 mcg\/L are more likely to suffer health problems.<\/li>\n<li>Dr. John P. Richie Jr and colleagues at Pennsylvania State University in Hershey have shown that<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4125492\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong><em> a high-selenium yeast supplement protects against oxidative stress<\/em><\/strong><\/a> better than a pure selenomethionine supplement does.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>Sources<\/h4>\n<p>Duffield-Lillico AJ, Reid ME, Turnbull BW, Combs GF Jr, Slate<br \/>\nEH, Fischbach LA, Marshall JR, Clark LC (2002) Baseline characteristics<br \/>\nand the effect of selenium supplementation on cancer incidence<br \/>\nin a randomized clinical trial: a summary report of the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 11:630\u2013639.<\/p>\n<p>Lippman SM, Klein EA, Goodman PJ, Lucia MS, Thompson IM,<br \/>\nFord LG, Parnes HL, Minasian LM et al (2009) Effect of selenium<br \/>\nand vitamin E on risk of prostate cancer and other cancers: the<br \/>\nSelenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT).<br \/>\nJAMA 301:39\u201351.<\/p>\n<p>Rayman MP. Selenium and human health. Lancet. 2012 Mar 31;379(9822):1256-68. doi: 10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61452-9.<\/p>\n<p>Richie JP Jr, Das A, Calcagnotto AM, Sinha R, Neidig W, Liao J, Lengerich EJ, Berg A, Hartman TJ, Ciccarella A, Baker A, Kaag MG, Goodin S, DiPaola RS, El-Bayoumy K. Comparative effects of two different forms of selenium on oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy men: a randomized clinical trial. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2014 Aug;7(8):796-804.<\/p>\n<p>Schomburg L. The other view: the trace element selenium as a micronutrient in thyroid disease, diabetes, and beyond. Hormones (Athens). 2020 Mar;19(1):15-24.<\/p>\n<p>Thompson PA, Ashbeck EL, Roe DJ, Fales L, Buckmeier J, Wang<br \/>\nF, Bhattacharyya A, Hsu CHet al (2016) Selenium supplementation<br \/>\nfor prevention of colorectal adenomas and risk of associated type 2<br \/>\ndiabetes. J Natl Cancer Inst 108.<\/p>\n<p>The information presented in this review article is not intended as medical advice and should not be construed as such.<\/p>\n<p>15 February 2021<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The long-time selenium researcher Professor Dr. Lutz Schomburg has reviewed the nutritional and preventive medicine aspects of selenium supplementation. In his mind, a selenium deficiency in and of itself constitutes a health risk that should be corrected by dietary measures or by supplemental selenium intake [Schomburg 2020]. He interprets the available evidence for positive health &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-as-a-nutritional-and-preventive-medicine-substance\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Selenium as a Nutritional and Preventive Medicine Substance&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2083","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-diabetes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Selenium as a Nutritional and Preventive Medicine Substance - Seleniumfacts.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-as-a-nutritional-and-preventive-medicine-substance\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Selenium as a Nutritional and Preventive Medicine Substance - Seleniumfacts.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The long-time selenium researcher Professor Dr. Lutz Schomburg has reviewed the nutritional and preventive medicine aspects of selenium supplementation. 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