{"id":283,"date":"2017-06-26T09:36:19","date_gmt":"2017-06-26T09:36:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/?p=283"},"modified":"2017-06-26T13:42:08","modified_gmt":"2017-06-26T13:42:08","slug":"selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk","title":{"rendered":"Selenium intakes and type-2 diabetes"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_324\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-324\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-324 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Meal-300x185.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"185\" srcset=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Meal-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Meal.png 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-324\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>In many regions of the world, it may not be possible to get an optimal amount of selenium from meals. The content of selenium in our food depends on the availability of selenium in the soil. Known selenium-poor areas are found in much of Europe and the Middle East, China, Korea, Japan, and New Zealand. In the United States, the coastal areas tend to have lower selenium content than the middle of the country does.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>In 2013, Dr. Margaret Rayman, University of Surrey, United Kingdom, reviewed the published reports of randomized controlled trials in which a selenium supplement had been used as a single-agent treatment option and in which there had been a follow-up or sub-group analysis of the effect of the selenium supplementation on the risk of type-2 diabetes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dr. Rayman found 5 such studies.\u00a0 I want to summarize <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23597503\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dr. Rayman\u2019s review<\/a>, and then I want to see what studies have been done since 2013.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Selenium and diabetes studies<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> Nutritional Prevention of Cancer (NPC) study<\/strong><br \/>\nIn 2007, Dr. Saverio Stranges published the results of a <em>post hoc<\/em> analysis of the data from the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer study.\u00a0 In the NPC study, supplementation for an average of 4.5 years with 200 micrograms of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17620655\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">high selenium yeast preparation<\/a> resulted in significant reductions in the risk of lung cancer, colon cancer, and prostate cancer [Clark 1996].\u00a0 The age of most participants in the study was 63 years, plus or minus 10 years.<\/p>\n<p>In his after-the-fact analysis, Dr. Stranges found that the risk of type-2 diabetes was higher only in the highest tertile (the highest third) of the study participants.\u00a0 These were the study participants with baseline plasma selenium concentrations greater than 121.6 micrograms per liter [Stranges].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) study<\/strong><br \/>\nIn the SELECT study, a study enrolling males only, there was a study group in which the treatment option, compared with placebo group, consisted only of the 200 micrograms\/day selenium supplement (without the vitamin E supplement).\u00a0 The follow-up period in the SELECT study was 5.5 years.\u00a0 The age of most participants was 64 years, plus or minus 6 years.<\/p>\n<p>The selenium supplement used in the SELECT study was a synthetic selenomethionine preparation, different from the selenized yeast preparations that were used in other prevention of cancer studies that Dr. Rayman reviewed [2013]:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the NPC study<\/li>\n<li>the PRECISE study<\/li>\n<li>the Watchful Waiting study<\/li>\n<li>the HDEL and selenium study<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The SELECT study did not show significant reductions of the risk of cancer, and the study was halted early.\u00a0 The difference in the form of the selenium supplement and the difference in the beginning serum selenium levels of the participants were thought to be plausible explanations for the selenium supplementation&#8217;s non-effect on the risk of cancer in the SELECT study\u00a0 [Kristal 2008].<\/p>\n<p>The mean baseline serum selenium concentration in the SELECT study was 136 micrograms per liter, considerably higher than the baseline level in the NPC study (114 micrograms per liter) and the PRECISE study (92 micrograms per liter).<\/p>\n<p>In any case, analysis of the results of the selenium-only arm of the SELECT study showed that there was <strong>no statistically significant risk<\/strong> of type-2 diabetes with the selenium supplement\u00a0 [Klein 2011].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Prevention of Cancer by Intervention with Selenium (PRECISE) Study<\/strong><br \/>\nThe PRECISE study was shorter in duration than the NPC and SELECT studies.\u00a0 It lasted six months, enrolled elderly participants aged 60 \u2013 74 years, and compared the effects of daily supplementation with 100, 200, or 300 micrograms of an organic high-selenium yeast preparation with the effects of a matching placebo treatment.<\/p>\n<p>The mean baseline plasma selenium level in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23028897\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PRECISE study <\/a>was 92 micrograms per liter.\u00a0 There was no effect of the selenium supplementation on plasma adiponectin levels.\u00a0 Plasma adiponectin is a recognized bio-marker for and independent predictor of the risk of type-2 diabetes [Rayman 2012].\u00a0 By extension, then, there was <strong>no effect<\/strong> of the selenium supplementation in the PRECISE study on the risk of developing diabetes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Watchful Waiting Trial study<\/strong><br \/>\nIn the Watchful Waiting study, another all-male study, the participants were assigned randomly to a 200 micrograms\/day group, an 800 micrograms\/day group, or a placebo group for a five-year period.\u00a0 The selenium preparation used was a selenized yeast preparation. The age of most of the participants in the study was 73 years, plus or minus 6 years.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/20670733\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Serum glucose samples<\/a> were collected every six months for the five-year period.\u00a0 There was <strong>no effect<\/strong> of the selenium supplementation, at either level &#8212; 200 micrograms\/day or 800 micrograms\/day &#8212; on the serum glucose levels [Algotar 2010].<\/p>\n<p><strong>HDEL and selenium study<\/strong><br \/>\nIranian researchers reported the results of a study designed to test whether daily supplementation with l-arginine and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/22517293\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">selenium alone<\/a> or together increases the effect of a hypocaloric diet enriched with legumes (HDEL) in healthy premenopausal obese women over a six-week period. The selenium supplement was 200 micrograms daily of a selenized yeast preparation.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers found that the selenium supplementation significantly lowered the fasting serum insulin levels and significantly lowered the levels of a marker for insulin resistance [Alizadeh 2012].\u00a0 The selenium supplementation seemed to <strong>reduce the risk<\/strong> of diabetes and indicated a beneficial effect on insulin resistance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Selenium studies since the Rayman review<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> Systematic analysis and meta-analysis<\/strong><br \/>\nIn 2013, Rees et al analyzed the data from 12 randomized controlled trials in which <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23440843\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">selenium<\/a> was the only intervention substance used.\u00a0 The 12 studies enrolled a total of 19,715 study participants and tested the effect of selenium supplementation on the risk of heart disease.\u00a0 Their analysis showed a small increased risk of type-2 diabetes, but the increase was <strong><em>not statistically significant<\/em><\/strong> [Rees].\u00a0 The small increase could have been <strong><em>caused by chance.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Selenium and prevention of type-2 diabetes<\/strong><br \/>\nIn 2014, S. Mao and colleagues did a meta-analysis of study data from four randomized controlled trials of selenium supplementation.\u00a0 The four trials had enrolled a total of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24858736\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">20,294 study participants<\/a> of Caucasian background.\u00a0 In the analysis of the study data, the researchers <strong>did not see any significant change<\/strong> in the risk of developing diabetes [Mao].\u00a0 In meta-regression analyses, neither age nor study length showed any impact on the relative risk [Mao].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Advancing age a possible co-variable<\/strong><br \/>\nThompson et al in the SEL\/CEL trial of selenium supplementation for the prevention of recurrent colorectal adenomas found <strong>no overall increase<\/strong> in the risk of diabetes with selenium.\u00a0 The study participants took 200 micrograms of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/27530657\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">high selenium yeast supplement<\/a> or a placebo for a median 33 months. When the researchers did a sub-analysis, dividing the study participants into two groups &#8212; those under 63 years of age and those 63 years or older &#8212; there was an association between older age and selenium supplementation and diabetes risk [Thompson].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Selenium supplementation and pregnancy and insulin sensitivity<\/strong><br \/>\nIn 2016, J. Mao and Rayman and colleagues reported the results of a randomized controlled trial of the selenium supplementation of pregnant women at the rate of 60 micrograms per day.\u00a0 The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/m\/pubmed\/26481811\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pregnant women<\/a> took the selenium supplements from the 12th week of gestation until delivery.\u00a0 The selenium supplementation had <strong>no adverse effect<\/strong> on insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance [Mao 2016].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Need for more studies<\/strong><br \/>\nClearly, before we draw any conclusions, we need evidence from more randomized controlled studies in which selenium is used as the single-agent intervention.\u00a0 Specifically, we need studies that investigate the association, if any, between <a href=\"http:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/much-selenium-every-day\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">selenium intakes <\/a>and the risk of diabetes with a focus on the following differences in the study participants:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>age<\/li>\n<li>baseline selenium status<\/li>\n<li>body weight (overweight? obese?)<\/li>\n<li>extent of exercise<\/li>\n<li>form and dosage of the selenium supplement<\/li>\n<li>gender<\/li>\n<li>genotype<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>At issue is the determination of the optimal intake, given a specified baseline selenium status, to achieve the following health benefits:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>protection against oxidative damage to the cells<\/li>\n<li>enhancement of immune system function<\/li>\n<li>prevention of cancer and heart disease<\/li>\n<li>promotion of good thyroid function<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Summary<br \/>\n<\/strong>Selenium is involved in the body&#8217;s glucose metabolism in ways that are not completely understood at present.<\/p>\n<p>The evidence from clinical trials does not show definitively that selenium supplementation increases or decreases the risk of type-2 diabetes.<\/p>\n<p>In the words of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23872396\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Professor Holger Steinbrenner <\/a>of the Friedrich-Schiller-Universit\u00e4t in Jena, Germany, the selenium levels in normal diets and in dietary supplements are probably<em><strong> not enough to cause overt diabetes in healthy individuals<\/strong><\/em> [Steinbrenner].<\/p>\n<p>The evidence from randomized controlled trials shows that the only increased risk of type 2 diabetes has been reported in individuals with unusually high baseline selenium levels.\u00a0 Moreover, this influence has been seen only in males.\u00a0 It may be that men and women respond to\u00a0 selenium in different ways [Ogawa-Wong].<\/p>\n<p>Sources<\/p>\n<p>Algotar, A. M., Hsu, C., Singh, P., &amp; Stratton, S. P. (2013). Selenium supplementation has no effect on serum glucose levels in men at high risk of prostate cancer. Journal of Diabetes, 5(4), 465-470.<\/p>\n<p>Alizadeh, M., Safaeiyan, A., Ostadrahimi, A., Estakhri, R., Daneghian, S., Ghaffari, A., &amp; Gargari, B. P. (2012). Effect of L-arginine and selenium added to a hypocaloric diet enriched with legumes on cardiovascular disease risk factors in women with central obesity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Annals of Nutrition &amp; Metabolism, 60(2), 157-168.<\/p>\n<p>Clark, L. C., Combs, G. J., Turnbull, B. W., Slate, E. H., Chalker, D. K., Chow, J., &amp; &#8230; Taylor, J. R. (1996). Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. A randomized controlled trial. Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Study Group. JAMA, 276(24), 1957-1963.<\/p>\n<p>Klein, E. A., Thompson, I. J., Tangen, C. M., Crowley, J. J., Lucia, M. S., Goodman, P. J., &amp; &#8230; Baker, L. H. (2011). Vitamin E and the risk of prostate cancer: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). Jama, 306(14), 1549-1556.<\/p>\n<p>Kristal, A. R. (2008). Are clinical trials the &#8220;gold standard&#8221; for cancer prevention research? Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &amp; Prevention, 17(12), 3289-3291.<\/p>\n<p>Mao, J., Bath, S. C., Vanderlelie, J. J., Perkins, A. V., Redman, C. G., &amp; Rayman, M. P. (2016). No effect of modest selenium supplementation on insulin resistance in UK pregnant women, as assessed by plasma adiponectin concentration. The British Journal of Nutrition, 115(1), 32-38.<\/p>\n<p>Mao, S., Zhang, A., &amp; Huang, S. (2014). Selenium supplementation and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Endocrine, 47(3), 758-763.<\/p>\n<p>Ogawa-Wong, A. N., Berry, M. J., &amp; Seale, L. A. (2016). Selenium and Metabolic Disorders: An Emphasis on Type 2 Diabetes Risk. Nutrients, 8(2), 80.<\/p>\n<p>Rayman, M. P., Blundell-Pound, G., Pastor-Barriuso, R., Guallar, E., Steinbrenner, H., &amp; Stranges, S. (2012). A randomized trial of selenium supplementation and risk of type-2 diabetes, as assessed by plasma adiponectin. Plos One, 7(9), e45269.<\/p>\n<p>Rayman, M. P., &amp; Stranges, S. (2013). Epidemiology of selenium and type 2 diabetes: can we make sense of it?\u00a0 Free Radical Biology &amp; Medicine, 651557-1564.<\/p>\n<p>Rees, K., Hartley, L., Day, C., Flowers, N., Clarke, A., &amp; Stranges, S. (2013).\u00a0 Selenium supplementation for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (1), CD009671.<\/p>\n<p>Steinbrenner, H. (2013). Interference of selenium and selenoproteins with the insulin-regulated carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Free Radical Biology &amp; Medicine, 65, 1538-1547.<\/p>\n<p>Stranges, S., Marshall, J. R., Natarajan, R., Donahue, R. P., Trevisan, M., Combs, G. F., &amp; Reid, M. E. (2007). Effects of long-term selenium supplementation on the incidence of type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Annals of Internal Medicine, 147(4), 217-223.<\/p>\n<p>Thompson, P. A., Ashbeck, E. L., Roe, D. J., Fales, L., Buckmeier, J., Wang, F., &amp; Lance, P. (2016). Selenium Supplementation for Prevention of Colorectal Adenomas and Risk of Associated Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of The National Cancer Institute, 108(12), djw152.<\/p>\n<p>Wang, X., Yang, T., Wei, J., Lei, G., &amp; Zeng, C. (2016). Association between serum selenium level and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a non-linear dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutrition Journal, 15(1), 48.<\/p>\n<p>Disclaimer: remember, please, that the information in this article is not intended as medical advice and should not be used in that way.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 2013, Dr. Margaret Rayman, University of Surrey, United Kingdom, reviewed the published reports of randomized controlled trials in which a selenium supplement had been used as a single-agent treatment option and in which there had been a follow-up or sub-group analysis of the effect of the selenium supplementation on the risk of type-2 diabetes. &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Selenium intakes and type-2 diabetes&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-283","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-diabetes"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Selenium intakes and type-2 diabetes - Seleniumfacts.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Selenium intakes and type-2 diabetes - Seleniumfacts.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In 2013, Dr. Margaret Rayman, University of Surrey, United Kingdom, reviewed the published reports of randomized controlled trials in which a selenium supplement had been used as a single-agent treatment option and in which there had been a follow-up or sub-group analysis of the effect of the selenium supplementation on the risk of type-2 diabetes. &hellip; Continue reading &quot;Selenium intakes and type-2 diabetes&quot;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Seleniumfacts.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pharmanord7100\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-06-26T09:36:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2017-06-26T13:42:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Meal-300x185.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Richard Morrill\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Richard Morrill\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/index.php\\\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/index.php\\\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Richard Morrill\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/b9ca24a1c31bad550ee4f8f37996fb0a\"},\"headline\":\"Selenium intakes and type-2 diabetes\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-06-26T09:36:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-06-26T13:42:08+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/index.php\\\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk\"},\"wordCount\":1908,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/index.php\\\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/Meal-300x185.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Diabetes\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/index.php\\\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/index.php\\\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/index.php\\\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk\",\"name\":\"Selenium intakes and type-2 diabetes - Seleniumfacts.com\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/index.php\\\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/index.php\\\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/Meal-300x185.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-06-26T09:36:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2017-06-26T13:42:08+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/b9ca24a1c31bad550ee4f8f37996fb0a\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/index.php\\\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/index.php\\\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/index.php\\\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/Meal-300x185.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/01\\\/Meal-300x185.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/index.php\\\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Selenium intakes and type-2 diabetes\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"Seleniumfacts.com\",\"description\":\"\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/seleniumfacts.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/b9ca24a1c31bad550ee4f8f37996fb0a\",\"name\":\"Richard Morrill\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/16b11a91a25a9aef6fcd53454d532f4d0731351a43ca205a8e6a37bfbc1f62db?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/16b11a91a25a9aef6fcd53454d532f4d0731351a43ca205a8e6a37bfbc1f62db?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/16b11a91a25a9aef6fcd53454d532f4d0731351a43ca205a8e6a37bfbc1f62db?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Richard Morrill\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Selenium intakes and type-2 diabetes - Seleniumfacts.com","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Selenium intakes and type-2 diabetes - Seleniumfacts.com","og_description":"In 2013, Dr. Margaret Rayman, University of Surrey, United Kingdom, reviewed the published reports of randomized controlled trials in which a selenium supplement had been used as a single-agent treatment option and in which there had been a follow-up or sub-group analysis of the effect of the selenium supplementation on the risk of type-2 diabetes. &hellip; Continue reading \"Selenium intakes and type-2 diabetes\"","og_url":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk","og_site_name":"Seleniumfacts.com","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pharmanord7100","article_published_time":"2017-06-26T09:36:19+00:00","article_modified_time":"2017-06-26T13:42:08+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Meal-300x185.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Richard Morrill","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Richard Morrill","Est. reading time":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk"},"author":{"name":"Richard Morrill","@id":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b9ca24a1c31bad550ee4f8f37996fb0a"},"headline":"Selenium intakes and type-2 diabetes","datePublished":"2017-06-26T09:36:19+00:00","dateModified":"2017-06-26T13:42:08+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk"},"wordCount":1908,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Meal-300x185.png","articleSection":["Diabetes"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk","url":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk","name":"Selenium intakes and type-2 diabetes - Seleniumfacts.com","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Meal-300x185.png","datePublished":"2017-06-26T09:36:19+00:00","dateModified":"2017-06-26T13:42:08+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b9ca24a1c31bad550ee4f8f37996fb0a"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Meal-300x185.png","contentUrl":"http:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Meal-300x185.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-intakes-diabetes-risk#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Selenium intakes and type-2 diabetes"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/","name":"Seleniumfacts.com","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/#\/schema\/person\/b9ca24a1c31bad550ee4f8f37996fb0a","name":"Richard Morrill","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/16b11a91a25a9aef6fcd53454d532f4d0731351a43ca205a8e6a37bfbc1f62db?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/16b11a91a25a9aef6fcd53454d532f4d0731351a43ca205a8e6a37bfbc1f62db?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/16b11a91a25a9aef6fcd53454d532f4d0731351a43ca205a8e6a37bfbc1f62db?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Richard Morrill"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/283","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=283"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/283\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":582,"href":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/283\/revisions\/582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=283"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=283"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=283"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}