{"id":3540,"date":"2024-10-30T07:02:42","date_gmt":"2024-10-30T07:02:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/?p=3540"},"modified":"2024-09-20T07:47:43","modified_gmt":"2024-09-20T07:47:43","slug":"selenium-and-graves-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-and-graves-disease","title":{"rendered":"Selenium and Graves\u2019 Disease"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Graves\u2019 disease is an autoimmune disease. It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, i.e., overactive thyroid disorder. Ultimately, it is the overproduction of thyrotropin receptor (TRAb) antibodies that results in hyperthyroidism. Over time, Graves\u2019 disease causes extensive damage to thyroid gland cells and tissues [Song 2023].<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3546\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3546\" style=\"width: 258px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-3546 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Thyroid-system-from-Wikimedia-258x300.png\" alt=\"Thyroid system\" width=\"258\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Thyroid-system-from-Wikimedia-258x300.png 258w, https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Thyroid-system-from-Wikimedia.png 551w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 258px) 100vw, 258px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3546\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>In Graves&#8217; disease, the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, a condition called hyperthyroidism. Attribution: Wikimedia Commons.<br \/><\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Oxidative stress appears to play an important role in Graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism. Oxidative stress is the medical term for a disruption of the balance between harmful free radical oxidants and protective antioxidants. The increased production of reactive oxygen<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>radicals and inflammatory cytokines drives the development and progression of Graves\u2019 disease [Song 2023].<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Adequate intakes of dietary and supplemental selenium and the resultant adequate bio-synthesis of selenoproteins with antioxidant properties can be an important part of the therapy for hyperthyroidism. In a 2023 review, Song et al evaluated the clinical efficacy of combining selenium supplements with anti-thyroid drugs. They conducted a review and meta-analysis of seven randomized controlled trials enrolling a total of 209 Grave\u2019s disease patients [Song 2023].<\/strong><\/p>\n<h5>Beneficial Outcomes of Selenium Supplementation<\/h5>\n<p>The meta-analysis results showed the following beneficial outcomes in the selenium supplementation group relative to the control group. The outcomes are important to the <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2023\/5587361\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">treatment of hyperthyroidism<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The selenium supplementation significantly increased the serum selenium levels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Note: Increased selenium intake and status are important to the thyroid gland\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3821469\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">antioxidant mechanism<\/a> that protects thyroid gland cells against harmful free radicals. In particular, the glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase seleno-enzymes are involved in the protection of the thyroid gland against oxidative stress.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The selenium supplementation significantly lowered the free T3 and free T4 hormone levels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Note: Typically, anti-thyroid medicine is used to try to prevent the thyroid gland from making too many thyroid hormones. Combining selenium supplementation, where indicated, with the anti-thyroid medication may be more effective than anti-thyroid medicine alone.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The selenium supplementation significantly reduced the TPOAb and TRAb antibody levels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Note: Elevated levels of these thyroid antibodies indicate that the immune system has made a mistake. The immune system has released antibodies that are mistakenly attacking thyroid gland cells and tissues. In effect, these antibodies act as auto-antigens. They trigger increased inflammation, cause damage to cells and tissues, and, eventually, result in the disruption of thyroid function. They cause the autoimmune thyroid disorders: Graves\u2019 disease and Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis.<\/p>\n<h5>Selenium Supplementation and Thyroid Disorders<\/h5>\n<p>Song et al report that research shows elevated levels of the TPOAb antibodies in 90% of Hashimoto&#8217;s thyroiditis (hypothyroidism) cases<br \/>\nand in 70% of Graves\u2019 disease (hyperthyroidism) cases. They regard<br \/>\nincreases in TPOAb antibody levels as an indicator of the severity and prognosis of hyperthyroidism.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Abnormally elevated serum levels of TPOAb and TRAb antibodies are associated with the development of chronic prolonged autoimmune inflammation.<\/li>\n<li>TPOAb and TRAb antibodies are potent auto-antigens. They can cause autoimmune thyroid diseases and can damage thyroid cells directly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>Conclusion: Selenium Crucial for Healthy Thyroid Function<\/h5>\n<p>The combination of selenium supplementation with anti-thyroid medications can improve thyroid function in patients diagnosed with Graves\u2019 disease.<\/p>\n<p>Adding selenium supplementation to the conventional medication regime of hyperthyroid patients can lower the levels of the antibodies TPOAb and TRAb as well as the levels of FT3 and FT4 hormones.<\/p>\n<p>The supplemental selenium may also have a beneficial <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3235898\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">antioxidant effect<\/a> in the thyroid gland.<\/p>\n<h5>Sources<\/h5>\n<p>Song Q, Ji X, &amp; Xie Y. Effects of antioxidant supplementation on Graves\u2019 Disease: a meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 2023;Article ID 5587361.<\/p>\n<p>The information presented in this review article is not intended as medical advice. It should not be used as such.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Graves\u2019 disease is an autoimmune disease. It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, i.e., overactive thyroid disorder. Ultimately, it is the overproduction of thyrotropin receptor (TRAb) antibodies that results in hyperthyroidism. Over time, Graves\u2019 disease causes extensive damage to thyroid gland cells and tissues [Song 2023]. Oxidative stress appears to play an important role &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-and-graves-disease\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Selenium and Graves\u2019 Disease&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[118,225,35,78,109],"class_list":["post-3540","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-thyroid-function","tag-graves-disease","tag-hyperthyroidism","tag-selenium","tag-supplementation","tag-thyroid-disorder"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Selenium gives antioxidant protection against Graves&#039; disease.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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