{"id":508,"date":"2017-05-29T09:09:11","date_gmt":"2017-05-29T09:09:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/?p=508"},"modified":"2017-05-29T22:27:46","modified_gmt":"2017-05-29T22:27:46","slug":"selenium-male-infertility","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-male-infertility","title":{"rendered":"Selenium and male infertility"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><figure id=\"attachment_514\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-514\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-514 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Fertility-300x211.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"211\" srcset=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Fertility-300x211.png 300w, https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Fertility.png 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-514\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>The selenium containing selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) is present in sperm cells at surprisingly high levels. Biochemists say that GPx4 carries out two functions in sperm cells. It protects the developing sperm calls against oxidative damage caused by toxic peroxides, and it contributes later to the structural integrity of the mature sperm cells [Strauss].<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><strong>Here is a little-known fact.\u00a0 Human testicles contain high concentrations of one of the important selenium containing antioxidant enzymes, the selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase number 4 (GPx4).\u00a0 Furthermore, the testicles have special receptors for another of the important selenoproteins, the selenoprotein P [Rayman 2012].<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Adequate intakes of selenium for the synthesis of the selenoproteins are necessary to produce mature and viable sperm.\u00a0 The selenoprotein GPX4 seems to be indispensable:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>to the development and maturation of the sperm cells<\/li>\n<li>to the antioxidant protection of the sperm cells<\/li>\n<li>to the structural cohesiveness of the sperm cells<\/li>\n<li>to the motility and viability of the sperm cells [Foresta]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Selenium and semen quality<\/strong><br \/>\nWhat are we talking about here?\u00a0 Let\u2019s define some terms that are relevant to male fertility.<\/p>\n<p>Our bodies produce <strong>semen<\/strong> by combining sperm cells from the testicles with various fluids from the seminal vesicles, the prostate, and the two small glands called Cowper\u2019s glands.\u00a0 The semen needs to contain high counts of <strong>sperm cells<\/strong> \u2013 perhaps 200 million plus \u2013 and needs to contain sperm cells capable of good <strong>motility<\/strong> if one of the sperm cells is to succeed in reaching and fertilizing the mature female egg.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Motility<\/strong> is the biologists\u2019 term for the ability of cells and organisms to use energy to move spontaneously and actively.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Selenium supplementation and semen quality<\/strong><br \/>\nWhat do studies of selenium supplementation show?\u00a0 Is there an effect of selenium supplementation on the quality of the semen?<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Safarinejad has tested the effectiveness of selenium supplementation in improving semen parameters in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19091331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">infertile men<\/a>.\u00a0 His study enrolled 116 infertile men who received 200 micrograms of selenium daily and 118 infertile men who received a matching placebo for 26 weeks.<\/p>\n<p>The men ranged in age from 25 to 48 years with a mean age of 31 years.\u00a0 The volume of the men\u2019s testicles did not differ significantly from one group to the other.<\/p>\n<p>At the start of the study, the researchers measured mean total sperm count, sperm concentration, semen volume, sperm motility, and sperm morphology as well as plasma selenium concentration and semen selenium concentration.\u00a0 They did not find any significant differences between the two groups [Safarinejad].<\/p>\n<p><strong>Increases in plasma selenium concentrations<br \/>\n<\/strong>Already after one month of supplementation with selenium, the men\u2019s plasma selenium concentrations increased significantly.\u00a0 The plasma selenium levels then remained constant for the remainder of the treatment period.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Increases in semen selenium concentrations<br \/>\n<\/strong>Semen selenium levels responded to the selenium supplementation somewhat more slowly, plateauing only after 12 weeks of supplementation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Increases in sperm count and sperm motility<br \/>\n<\/strong>At the end of the 26-week study, the researchers found that the supplementation with selenium had significantly increased the mean<strong><em> total sperm count<\/em><\/strong> compared with placebo.\u00a0 Similarly, after 26 weeks, the selenium supplementation was associated with a significant increase in <strong><em>mean sperm motility<\/em><\/strong> compared with placebo.\u00a0 This was good news.<\/p>\n<p>In sum, daily supplementation with 200 micrograms of selenium significantly improved the semen parameters of infertile men.\u00a0 In the aggregate, the improvements amounted to a 30% increase in sperm count, a 19% increase in sperm motility and a 26% improvement in sperm morphology.\u00a0 Moreover, the researchers noted <strong><em>no adverse effects<\/em><\/strong> of the selenium supplementation.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers continued to follow the study participants after the end of the 26-week period of supplementation.\u00a0 By week 56,\u00a0with no more supplementation, the plasma selenium and semen selenium levels had reverted to baseline levels.\u00a0 The semen parameters also gradually reverted to baseline levels because the selenium supplementation had ceased.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A second study of selenium supplementation and semen motility<\/strong><br \/>\nDr. Scott, Dr. MacPherson, and their research colleagues conducted a randomized controlled study in which they assigned 69 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/9698665\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">men with low selenium status<\/a> and low sperm motility to one of three study groups:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a selenium alone group<\/li>\n<li>a group receiving selenium plus vitamins A, C, and E<\/li>\n<li>a placebo group<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The study participants took the supplements or placebo daily for 3 months.\u00a0 At the end of the study, the researchers tested the study participants&#8217; plasma selenium status and semen quality once again.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Increases in plasma selenium levels<br \/>\n<\/strong>The supplementation with selenium increased plasma selenium concentrations significantly in both selenium-treated groups.\u00a0 Plasma selenium levels did not rise appreciably in control participants.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Increases in sperm motility<br \/>\n<\/strong>By the end of the study, the <strong><em>sperm motility<\/em><\/strong> of the participants in both selenium supplemented groups had increased whereas the sperm motility in the placebo group participants had declined slightly.\u00a0 However, the increases in sperm motility in the treated groups were not sufficiently high to be statistically significant.<\/p>\n<p>When, however, the researchers combined the results from the two selenium-supplemented groups and compared the combined results with the results from the placebo group, then the selenium treatment was significantly associated with <em><strong>increased sperm motility<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Scott et al concluded that selenium supplementation can improve sperm motility in sub-fertile men who have low selenium status.\u00a0 In that way, selenium supplementation can improve the chance of successful conception.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Selenium supplementation\u00a0is a simple and inexpensive remedy to male infertility<br \/>\n<\/strong>The Safarinejad study and the Scott study show that selenium supplementation is a simple, safe, and relatively inexpensive method of improving <strong><em>the semen parameters of infertile men.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Sources<\/p>\n<p>Foresta, C., Floh\u00e9, L., Garolla, A., Roveri, A., Ursini, F., &amp; Maiorino, M. (2002). Male fertility is linked to the selenoprotein phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase. Biology Of Reproduction, 67(3), 967-971.<\/p>\n<p>Rayman, M. P. (2012). Selenium and human health. Lancet (London, England), 379(9822), 1256-1268.<\/p>\n<p>Safarinejad, M. R., &amp; Safarinejad, S. (2009). Efficacy of selenium and\/or N-acetyl-cysteine for improving semen parameters in infertile men: a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study. The Journal of Urology, 181(2), 741-751.<\/p>\n<p>Scott, R., MacPherson, A., Yates, R. W., Hussain, B., &amp; Dixon, J. (1998). The effect of oral selenium supplementation on human sperm motility. British Journal of Urology, 82(1), 76-80.<\/p>\n<p>Strauss, E. (1999).\u00a0 Selenium&#8217;s role in infertility explained.\u00a0 Science, 285, 1339.<\/p>\n<p>Disclaimer: The information presented in this article is not intended as medical advice and should be considered as such.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Here is a little-known fact.\u00a0 Human testicles contain high concentrations of one of the important selenium containing antioxidant enzymes, the selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase number 4 (GPx4).\u00a0 Furthermore, the testicles have special receptors for another of the important selenoproteins, the selenoprotein P [Rayman 2012]. Adequate intakes of selenium for the synthesis of the selenoproteins are necessary &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-male-infertility\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Selenium and male infertility&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fertility"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Selenium and male infertility - Seleniumfacts.com<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/seleniumfacts.com\/index.php\/selenium-male-infertility\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Selenium and male infertility - Seleniumfacts.com\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Here is a little-known fact.\u00a0 Human testicles contain high concentrations of one of the important selenium containing antioxidant enzymes, the selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase number 4 (GPx4).\u00a0 Furthermore, the testicles have special receptors for another of the important selenoproteins, the selenoprotein P [Rayman 2012]. 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